Exelon (also known as rivastigmine)

The purpose of this medication

Exelon is one of a group of drugs known as “cholinesterase inhibitors” which is used to treat symptoms
in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.

In the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease there is a progressive degeneration of nerve cells,
particularly of the cells that make acetylcholine, a chemical thought to be important for learning and
memory. Because of this, people with Alzheimer’s disease have lower brain levels of acetylcholine. It is
believed that Exelon works by reducing the breakdown of acetylcholine and thus increasing the amount
of the chemical in the brain.

It has also been suggested, based on data from animal experiments, that the medication enhances
the action of acetylcholine by making the receptors it interacts with in the brain more responsive. In
the region of the brain first affected by Alzheimer’s disease, that dealing with cognition and memory,
too little acetylcholine is available at the junctions between nerve cells to get messages across to the
next nerve cell, The situation is helped, therefore, not only by preserving the acetylcholine from being
destroyed by cholinesterase, but by making the receptors more responsive to the lower amounts of
acetylcholine. Whether this effect is also true for humans is unknown.

The potential beneficial effect of Exelon could lessen as the disease progresses and when fewer cells
are available to make acetylcholine.

Ongoing research is finding that combining cholinesterase inhibitors (such as Exelon, Reminyl ER or
Aricept) together with memantine (a drug used to relieve the symptoms of people with moderate to
severe Alzheimer’s disease) seems to greatly improve outcomes, sometimes more than predicted from
the sum of the effects of either drug alone. However, more and larger drug trials are needed to confirm
these promising early results.

How does it help?

Exelon is intended to treat symptoms in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. In clinical
trials, some individuals who took the drug, compared to individuals who took a placebo (a substance
which looks like the drug but has no effect), showed some improvement or no decline in cognition
(including memory, orientation and language) and global functioning (for example, the performance of
daily activities such as bathing, dressing and eating).

This medication may take as long as 12 weeks to begin working and individual response to this
medication will vary.

Will this medication cure Alzheimer's disease?

Exelon is not a cure for Alzheimer's disease as it does not affect the underlying degenerative process of the disease.

Who should take this medication?

The medication is approved for people who have been diagnosed with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The use of Exelon is not advised by Health Canada outside of its approved indication.

How do you obtain this medication?

Exelon can only be obtained with a prescription from a doctor after a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease has been made.

A reminder: This medication has been prescribed only for you or for the person you are caring for. It must not be given to anybody else or used for any other illness.

Important! Things to know before taking this medication

You should tell your doctor if you are taking any other medications. You should also tell your doctor if
you have other medical problems, such as conditions affecting your heart or lungs; if you have seizures;
if you have had fainting spells; and if you have a history of peptic ulcers or have increased risk of
developing ulcers (for example you are taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] or high
doses of acetylsalicylic acid [ASA/Aspirin]). Your doctor will determine whether you can take Exelon and
how closely you will need to be monitored.

How do you take this medication?

Take only as prescribed by your doctor. Never change the dose yourself.
This medication should be taken with food. Swallow the capsules whole with a drink, without opening or crushing them.
You must take the medication twice a day, once with your breakfast and once with your evening meal.
Your doctor will tell you what dosage to take, starting with a low dose and gradually increasing (to the best-tolerated dose), depending on how you respond to the treatment. The highest dose that should be taken is 6 mg twice a day.
To benefit from your medication you must take it every day.
If you find you have forgotten to take your dose, do not worry. Wait and take the next dose at the usual time. Do NOT take two doses at once.
If at anytime you stop taking the medication for longer than several days, do NOT restart treatment without contacting your doctor.
If you have problems remembering to take medication, it may be necessary to have someone manage it for you.

What are the possible side effects?

Along with its beneficial effect, Exelon may cause some undesirable reactions. In clinical studies most
side effects were mild to moderate in intensity. Caregivers and those taking the medication should be
advised that it is associated with a high incidence of nausea and vomiting along with the possibility of
anorexia (loss of appetite) and weight loss. Caregivers should be encouraged to monitor these adverse
events and inform the doctor if they occur.

Common side effects, in addition to nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and weight loss, include diarrhea,
heartburn, stomach pains, dizziness, headache, weakness, fatigue and difficulty sleeping. Some people also experienced fainting. Side effects are most likely to occur after an increase in dose and may go
away with continued treatment. If they persist, however, you should tell your doctor. If you feel unwell
or have any symptoms that you do not understand, or find distressing, you should contact your doctor
immediately.

What to do if an overdose is taken

If more medication has been taken than what has been prescribed, contact either your doctor, hospital emergency department or nearest poison control center immediately.

How do you store this medication?

Do not use the medication after the expiry date shown on the bottle.
Store the medication at room temperature (below 30ºC).
Keep the medication in a safe place and out of reach of children.

How much does it cost and who pays for this medication?

The medication costs approximately $5.00 a day for both doses. It is covered under provincial drug plans in the following provinces: Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. In Nova Scotia, the medication is approved under the Nova Scotia Seniors Pharmacare Program. The Alzheimer Societies of British Columbia and Newfoundland and Labrador continue to work to put the medication on their provincial drug plans. To be entitled to have the medication paid for by provincial plans, individuals must meet specific clinical criteria in each of the provinces. The medication is also covered by most private insurance plans.

Who produces this medication?

Novartis Pharma Canada Inc., 385 Bouchard Blvd, Dorval, Quebec H9R 4P5.

For further information

This information sheet is a brief description and summary of information about this medication. If you have any further questions about Exelon, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

[The contents of this document are provided for information purposes only, and do not represent advice, an endorsement or a recommendation, with respect to any product, service or enterprise, and/or the claims and properties thereof, by the Alzheimer Society of Canada.]

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